THE ORIGINS |
Rometta brings remarkable signs of history and prehistory. We know nothing sure about the primitive human settings in this area, but for the testimonies of life found here – which go back to the first age of Neolithic, (probably the so called “Culture of Stentinello” – 4000 years B.C.), to the Iron Age (on the tops of the hill called Motta), till the Necropolis of V-III sec. B.C – we can think that also in the place today known as Rometta there was originally an ancient human settlement, perhaps with military functions.
Around the V century A.D., Rometta was populated from Latin-Greek people, who moved from the coast to this strategic place, proper for the extreme defence, looking for a shelter from the terrible invasions of the Barbarians.
Soon Rometta assumed a militarily role as invulnerable fortress. From its high towers one could keep a check on most of the ancient road that from Messina conducted to Palermo. A system of control and vigilance based on the numerous towers which stood on the whole ancient district dominated by the fortress of Rometta. Who had the military control of this powerful City-castle, held the key to take Messina. Rometta was the last bastion a hostile army had to overcome in its advance toward the “City on the Strait” .
Among 725 and 780 A.D., the Bishop of Catania, Leone from Ravenna, found his shelter in Rometta. The high prelate, who belonged to the Benedictine Order, was against the iconoclastic laws (the destructions of the sacred images) emanated by the Byzantine emperors, Leo III (717-741) and Costantino V (741-775). The latter had ordered the arrest of the opponent Bishop. So, after having wandered in some centres of the Nebrodi, Leone took refuge on the hills surrounding Rometta, where he lived in a cavern as an eremite until 789. In that year he came back to Catania, where he died after short time.
Rometta was the last Byzantine defence against the Arabic invasion of Sicily. For years, it represented a Christian bastion and a safe shelter for those people that – under the Moslem advance – tried to escape, crossing the strait of Messina, towards Calabria.
From 963 to 965 A.D., Rometta sustained a very hard siege. His inhabitants distinguished themselves for extreme actions of heroism. For two days, 24-25 October 964, a bloody battle took place in the area between the beach and the besieged citadel (probably in the part of Rometta today known as Mazzabruno). The heroic deeds of the battle are perpetuated in the pages of the Arabic and Greek historians’ Annales, that give us a detailed report of the fight. The Byzantine army, strong of 30.000 soldiers, arrived in Sicily from Constantinople to break the Arabic siege to Rometta and to regain Sicily to the Empire.
The Byzantines fought against Arabs with impetus and with charges of cavalry. But the Arabic leader ibn Ammar incited his soldiers to fight till death, and the Saracens, even if inferior in number, succeeded to stop the attack of the Christian enemies and forced them to escape. At the end of the battle, about 10000 soldiers of Byzantium lied dead on the ground, while the rest was imprisoned. It is narrated that on the battle field was found a sword belonged to the prophet Mohammed, a loot of a previous conflict.
The siege of Rometta continued until the following May, when the people of Rometta, without the hope of other military helps from Byzantium, weakened by hunger and by the continuous attacks brought by the Saracen army, let women, children and old men surviving go out of the besieged fortress. At dawn of May 5, 965, the Arabs, who had before repeatedly proposed the surrender to the soldiers of Rometta, receiving always a refusal, launched the decisive attack to the Castle of Rometta with all of their strengths. The last heroic defenders fell fighting, one after the other. Rometta was sacked and set on fire. |
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THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD |
In 965, on the ruins of the Byzantine Remata, the Arabs rebuilt a new city called Ramth, where they brought several Moslem families.
In 1061 the City-castle of Ramth was involved in the civil war that broke down between the two Emirs of Sicily: ibn ath-Tumnah, that dominated the oriental part and Ibn al-Hawwas, Emir of the western part. The Kaid or governor of Rometta, besieged by the army of ath-Tumnah and its Norman allies – headed by the brothers d’Altavilla, Roberto and Ruggero – accepted to obey to al-Hawwas and opened the gates of the city to the new Lord. Later, the Normans broke off the pact with their ally and began the conquest of Sicily. Only in 1091, with the surrender of Noto, Ruggero d’Altavilla became the absolute master of the region, and received from Pope Urbano II the title of Great Earl of Sicily.
Under the Normans, Rometta and all its ancient district – from the river Gallo to the river Niceto – was included among the lands of the Crown. During this period the city was interested by an immigration of Christian people, of Greek-Latin origin, from Calabria; perhaps the same descendants of the Sicilians run away because of the Arabic conquest. According to the tradition, Ruggero d’Altavilla founded a church consecrated to St. George (his Saint patron) and a monastery for women who followed the Basiliana rule, called San Salvatore. Ruggero awarded several lands and buildings to the monastery, together with a precious relic: the arm of S. Giorgio, still preserved today in the Church-Mother of Rometta.
After the popular revolt named “Vespri siciliani ”, Rometta sustained the candidature to the crown of Sicily of Pietro d’Aragona against Carlo d’Angiò. For this reason, Federico III l’Aragonese granted to the city of Rometta – with an act dated October, 13th 1323 – the same privileges enjoyed by the city of Messina. The acknowledgment – whose original Parchment is kept in the Archive of State in Messina – concerned some economic and legal facilitations. Furthermore, this act confirmed the permanence of the city in the so-called Demanio Regio, with all the privileges concerned with the status Land of the Crown. Rametta, as it was called instead of Rameth since about 1100, became the fortieth city of the Reign of Sicily. |
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FROM 1500 ONWARDS |
In 1532, Pope Clemente VII, with papal Bull, raised the Grancia of S.Leone to Abbey, and allowed the prior and abbot of the religious community to use of mitre and pontifical. The abbot became also Archpriest of the Archpriesthood of Rametta, whose jurisdiction included the parishes of such villages as Villafranca, Calvaruso, Saponara, S.Martino, Venetico, Valdina, Roccavaldina and Torregrotta.
At the beginning of the XVI century, the city changed its name in Rometta, as it is known today. The city was faithful to the Spanish Viceroy during the revolt of Messina (1672-78). In 1705 Phillip IV of Sicily, as the war proved very expensive, asked his vassals some funds. The rich Marquis of Roccavaldina, Pietro Valdina, gave a rich loan to the King and the security was just the possession of the royal city of Rometta. As usual, the king did not pay the debt contracted, and the Marquis Valdina moved for taking possession of the town. But the people of Rometta closed the two gates of the city, Messina-gate and Milazzo-gate, and climbed on the walls in order to prevent, with a heavily throwing of stones, the entrance to the Marquis. To regain their freedom, the people of Rometta gathered then the necessary sum of money and paid the debt that the sovereign had contracted with the Marquis Valdina.
With the law reform of 1816, during the reign of Borboni, Rometta became “Chief town” of the district and seat of Pretura, Jail and Registry of Deeds, with jurisdiction on the near villages. A bank (Monte di Prestanza) founded in 1846 and a Civil hospital complete the list of the institutions once present in Rometta.
traduzione a cura di Tonino Battaglia |
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